Email this article 
Hide
Show all
OPEN ACCESS | 
PEER-REVIEWED |
RESEARCH ARTICLE
|
DOWNLOAD PDF
|
VIEW FULL-TEXT PDF
| TOTAL VIEWS
Study of some alcohol amounts in commercial alcoholic disinfectant solutions using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Masoumeh Darbanian (1)
, Azizollah Nezhadali (2,*) , Vafa Baradaran Rahimi (3) (1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-4697, 19569, Iran
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-4697, 19569, Iran
(3) Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(*) Corresponding Author
Received: 07 Mar 2022 | Revised: 17 May 2022 | Accepted: 18 May 2022 | Published: 30 Sep 2022 | Issue Date: September 2022
Abstract
A simple solvent extraction method was used to analyze alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. 79 samples including 68 liquid and 11-gelled ABHRs were analyzed in the Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center of Mashhad, Iran. 17 samples had methanol, 50 samples had the correct percentage of alcohol (60-80%), and 12 samples had the incorrect percentage of alcohol (<60%). The RSD% of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were as 2.28, 2.18, and 1.52, respectively. The relative recoveries for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were 102.5, 97.8, and 114, respectively. All experiments were repeated three times. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were obtained as 0.22, 0.24, 0.10 (%) and 0.71, 0.82, 0.68 (%), respectively.
Announcements
Our editors have decided to support scientists to publish their manuscripts in European Journal of Chemistry without any financial constraints.
1- The article processing fee will not be charged from the articles containing the single-crystal structure characterization or a DFT study between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: FALL2023).
2. A 50% discount will be applied to the article processing fee for submissions made between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 by authors who have at least one publication in the European Journal of Chemistry (Voucher code: AUTHOR-3-2023).
3. Young writers will not be charged for the article processing fee between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: YOUNG2023).
Editor-in-Chief
European Journal of Chemistry
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF
DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.13.3.279-283.2240
Links for Article
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Related Articles
Article Metrics
This Abstract was viewed 340 times |
PDF Article downloaded 168 times
Funding information
The research council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Code: 990773).
References
[1]. Trampuz, A.; Widmer, A. F. Hand hygiene: a frequently missed life saving opportunity during patient care. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2004, 79, 109-116.
https://doi.org/10.4065/79.1.109
[2]. Bloomfield, S. F.; Aiello, A. E.; Cookson, B.; O'Boyle, C.; Larson, E. L. The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including handwashing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Am. J. Infect. Control 2007, 35, S27-S64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.001
[3]. Tse, T. J.; Nelson, F. B.; Reaney, M. J. T. Analyses of commercially available alcohol-based hand rubs formulated with compliant and non-compliant ethanol. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3766.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073766
[4]. Winnefeld, M.; Richard, M. A.; Drancourt, M.; Grob, J. J. Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use: Hand decontamination and skin tolerance. Br. J. Dermatol. 2000, 143, 546-550.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03708.x
[5]. Greenaway, R. E.; Ormandy, K.; Fellows, C.; Hollowood, T. Impact of hand sanitizer format (gel/foam/liquid) and dose amount on its sensory properties and acceptability for improving hand hygiene compliance. J. Hosp. Infect. 2018, 100, 195-201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.011
[6]. Löning, S.; Horst, C.; Hoffmann, U. Dewatering of solvent mixtures - comparison between conventional technologies and a new one. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2001, 24, 242-245.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200103)24:3<242::AID-CEAT242>3.0.CO;2-O
[7]. Charbonneau, D. L.; Ponte, J. M.; Kochanowski, B. A. A method of assessing the efficacy of hand sanitizers: use of real soil encountered in the food service industry. J. Food Prot. 2000, 63, 495-501.
https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-63.4.495
[8]. Meadows, G. W.; Darwent, B. D. The reactions of acetaldehyde with methanol. Can. J. Chem. 1952, 30, 501-506.
https://doi.org/10.1139/v52-061
[9]. Chan, A.; Chan, T. Methanol as an unlisted ingredient in supposedly alcohol-based hand rub can pose serious health risk. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1440.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071440
[10]. Berardi, A.; Perinelli, D. R.; Merchant, H. A.; Bisharat, L.; Basheti, I. A.; Bonacucina, G.; Cespi, M.; Palmieri, G. F. Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand. Int. J. Pharm. 2020, 584, 119431.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119431
[11]. Babeluk, R.; Jutz, S.; Mertlitz, S.; Matiasek, J.; Klaus, C. Hand hygiene--evaluation of three disinfectant hand sanitizers in a community setting. PLoS One 2014, 9, e111969.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111969
[12]. Monteiro, C.; Proença, P.; Tavares, C.; Castañera, A.; Corte Real, F. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: A case report. Forensic Sci. Int. 2016, 265, 65-69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.010
[13]. Berardi, A.; Cenci-Goga, B.; Grispoldi, L.; Cossignani, L.; Perinelli, D. R. Analysis of commercial hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: Are we getting the products that we need? AAPS PharmSciTech 2020, 21, 286.
https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01818-6
[14]. Islam, T.; Pitafi, A. H.; Arya, V.; Wang, Y.; Akhtar, N.; Mubarik, S.; Xiaobei, L. Panic buying in the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country examination. J. Retail. Consum. Serv. 2021, 59, 102357.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102357
[15]. Mustafa, R.; Purdy, S. K.; Nelson, F. B.; Tse, T. J.; Wiens, D. J.; Shen, J.; Reaney, M. J. T. Canadian policy changes for alcohol-based hand rubs during the COVID-19 pandemic and unintended risks. World Med. Health Policy 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.463 (accessed May 1, 2022).
https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.463
[16]. Rollman, C. M.; Sanderoff, R. K.; Bezabeh, D. Z. Simultaneous quantification of ethanol and propylene glycol in nonbeverage alcohol products using gas chromatography flame ionization detection. Chromatographia 2021, 84, 97-102.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03981-1
[17]. Luo, F.; Darwiche, K.; Singh, S.; Torrego, A.; Steinfort, D. P.; Gasparini, S.; Liu, D.; Zhang, W.; Fernandez-Bussy, S.; Herth, F. J. F.; Shah, P. L. Performing bronchoscopy in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: Practice statement from an international expert panel. Respiration 2020, 99, 417-422.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000507898
[18]. Usp - NF (United States pharmacopeia - national formulary) 2014 main; U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2014.
[19]. World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 13. 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330778 (accessed May 1, 2022).
How to cite
The other citation formats (EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | BibTeX | RefWorks) for this article can be found online at: How to cite item
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.13.3.279-283.2240
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
Save to Zotero
Save to Mendeley
European Journal of Chemistry 2022, 13(3), 279-283 | doi: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.13.3.279-283.2240 | Get rights and content
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors
This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).
© Copyright 2010 - 2023 • Atlanta Publishing House LLC • All Right Reserved.
The opinions expressed in all articles published in European Journal of Chemistry are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Atlanta Publishing House LLC, or European Journal of Chemistry, or any of its employees.
Copyright 2010-2023 Atlanta Publishing House LLC. All rights reserved. This site is owned and operated by Atlanta Publishing House LLC whose registered office is 2850 Smith Ridge Trce Peachtree Cor GA 30071-2636, USA. Registered in USA.