European Journal of Chemistry

Chitosan as an eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for Michael type addition reactions. A simple and efficient route to pyridones and phthalazines

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Dec 22, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.1.4.252-258.211
Keywords:
Chitosan, Enaminone, Michael addition, Pyridone, Pthalazine, Benzylidene
Section
Research Article
Issue
Vol. 1 No. 4 (2010): December 2010
Dates
Received 2010-07-21
Accepted 2010-07-25
Published 2010-12-22


Main Article Content

Khaled Khalil
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EG-12613, Egypt
Hamad Al-Matar
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, KW-13060, Kuwait
Mohamed Elnagdi
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, KW-13060, Kuwait

Abstract

Depending on their nature, nitrile activated methylene compounds add readily to β-enaminones in presence of chitosan to yield dienamides, pyridones or pyridine thiones. The dienamides, formed in this manner, can be readily converted to pyridones by stirring in refluxing acetic acid. Reaction of pyridazinones with a mixture containing benzaldehyde, malononitrile and chitosan affords phthalazines that are also produced by reaction of pyridazinone with benzylidene-malononitrile.

1_4_252_258_800


icon graph This Abstract was viewed 4174 times | icon graph Article PDF downloaded 1307 times

How to Cite
(1)
Khalil, K.; Al-Matar, H.; Elnagdi, M. Chitosan As an Eco-Friendly Heterogeneous Catalyst for Michael Type Addition Reactions. A Simple and Efficient Route to Pyridones and Phthalazines. Eur. J. Chem. 2010, 1, 252-258.

Article Details

Share
Links for Article


Crossref - Scopus - Google - European PMC
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
References

[1]. Niola, F.; Basora, N.; Chornet, E.; Vidal, P. F. Carbohyd. Res.1993, 238, 1-9.
doi:10.1016/0008-6215(93)87001-9

[2]. Bader, H. J.; Birkholz, E. Praxis der Naturwissenschaften,Chemie1996, 45(6), 24-30.

[3]. Rege, P. R.; Block, L. H. Carbohyd. Res.1999, 321, 235-245.
doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00172-X

[4]. Gomha, S. M.; Riyadh, S. M. Arkivoc2009, 11, 58-68.

[5]. Al-Matar, H. M.; Khalil, K. D.; Meier, H.; Kolshorn, H.; Elnagdi, M. H. Arkivoc 2008, 16, 288-301.

[6]. Alnajjar, A.; Abdelkhalik, M. M.; Al-Enezi, A.; Elnagdi, M. H. Molecules2009, 14(1), 68-77.
doi:10.3390/molecules14010068
PMid:19127238

[7]. Al-Saleh, B.; El-Apasery, M. A.; Abdel-Aziz, R. S.; Elnagdi, M. H. J. Heterocyclic Chem.2005, 42(4), 563-566.
doi:10.1002/jhet.5570420414

[8]. Schmidt, U.; Kubitzek, H. Chemische Berichte1960, 93,1559-65.
doi:10.1002/cber.19600930716

[9]. Boatman, S.; Harris, T. M.; Hauser, C. R. J. Org. Chem.1965, 30(11), 3593-7.
doi:10.1021/jo01022a003

[10]. Ghozlan, S. A. S.; Abdelhamid, I. A.; Elnagdi, M. H. Arkivoc2006, 13, 147-157.

[11]. Al-Mousawi, S. M.; Moustafa, M. S.; Abdelkhalik, M. M.; Elnagdi, M. H. Arkivoc2009, 11, 1-10.

[12]. Al-Omran, F.; Al-Awadi, N.; Abdelkhalik, M. M.; Kaul, K.; Elkhair, A. A.; Elnagdi, M. H. J. Chem. Res. (S) 1997, 84, 601-613.

[13]. Abdelrazek, F. M.; Elsayed, A. N. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2009, 46, 949-953.
doi:10.1002/jhet.181

[14]. Gorobets, N. Y.; Sedash, Y. V.; Shishkina, S. V.; Shishkin, O. V.; Yermolayev, S. A.; Desenko, S. M. Arkivoc2009, 13, 23-30.

[15]. Abdelrazek, F. M.; Michael, F. A. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2006, 43(1), 7-10.
doi:10.1002/jhet.5570430102

[16]. Al-Mousawi, S.; Moustafa, M. S.; Elnagdi, M. H. Arkivoc2008, 10, 17-25.

[17]. Al-Saleh, B.; Hilmy, Noha M.; El-Apasery, M. A.; Elnagdi, M. H. J. Heterocyclic Chem.2006, 43(6), 1575-1581.
doi:10.1002/jhet.5570430622

[18]. Mogilaiah, K.; Rani, J. Uma. Indian J. Heterocycl. Chem.2003, 13(2), 169-170.

[19]. Xu, Da-Zh.; Liu,Y.; Shi S.; Wang, Y.GreenChem.2010, 12, 514-517.
doi:10.1039/b918595j

Supporting Agencies

Kuwait University - Research Adminstration
Most read articles by the same author(s)
TrendMD

Dimensions - Altmetric - scite_ - PlumX

Downloads and views

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...
License Terms

License Terms

by-nc

Copyright © 2025 by Authors. This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution, or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).