Email this article 
Hide
Show all
OPEN ACCESS | 
PEER-REVIEWED |
REVIEW ARTICLE
|
DOWNLOAD PDF
|
VIEW FULL-TEXT PDF
| TOTAL VIEWS
Analysis of the usability of treated wastewater for fire protection purposes
Frantisek Ondrasik (1,*)
, Sarka Krocova (2) (1) Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Lumirova 13, 1875, 703 00 Ostrava-Vyskovice, Czech Republic
(2) Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Lumirova 13, 1875, 703 00 Ostrava-Vyskovice, Czech Republic
(*) Corresponding Author
Received: 31 Dec 2022 | Revised: 09 Feb 2023 | Accepted: 14 Mar 2023 | Published: 30 Jun 2023 | Issue Date: June 2023
Abstract
Current water management does not fully account for potential crisis situations when dealing with drinking water. It is important to focus on an efficient and at the same time economic approach to water management, including consideration of the ecological aspect. One way is to focus on the use of alternative sources of water. The possibilities of purified wastewater or captured rainwater indicate a certain direction. Current technical possibilities and scientific knowledge offer many opportunities. The priority is to find and increase the way to limit the use of drinking water for economic activities. The more intensive use of alternative water sources is still in the background and neglected. This article provides information on this issue and encourages deeper ecological and economic reflexion.
Announcements
Our editors have decided to support scientists to publish their manuscripts in European Journal of Chemistry without any financial constraints.
1- The article processing fee will not be charged from the articles containing the single-crystal structure characterization or a DFT study between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: FALL2023).
2. A 50% discount will be applied to the article processing fee for submissions made between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 by authors who have at least one publication in the European Journal of Chemistry (Voucher code: AUTHOR-3-2023).
3. Young writers will not be charged for the article processing fee between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: YOUNG2023).
Editor-in-Chief
European Journal of Chemistry
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF
DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.14.2.303-310.2423
Links for Article
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Related Articles
Article Metrics
This Abstract was viewed 103 times |
PDF Article downloaded 28 times
References
[1]. European Council Council of the European Union Climate change: What the EU is doing. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/climate-change/ (accessed January 12, 2023).
[2]. Smrž, V.; Pasková, A.; Kepka, J.; Linxová, M.; Hanišová, L. State environmental policy of the Czech Republic 2030 with outlook to 2050; Ministry of the Environment, based in Vršovická 1442/65, Prague 10, Czech Republic: Prague, ISBN 978-80-7212-649-1, https://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/statni_politika_zivotniho_prostredi/$FILE/SPZP-2030_4AK_EN-20220525.pdf, 2021.
[3]. Marshall, S. J. Hydrology. In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences; Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.05356-2, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.05356-2
[4]. Hanjra, M. A.; Blackwell, J.; Carr, G.; Zhang, F.; Jackson, T. M. Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: Implications for water governance and public policy. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2012, 215, 255-269.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.003
[5]. Adapa, S. Factors influencing consumption and anti-consumption of recycled water: Evidence from Australia. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 201, 624-635.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.083
[6]. Bábíková, J. Svět trápí nedostatek vody - budeme pít vlastní moč?, The world is suffering from a lack of water - will we drink our own urine? https://www.ovodarenstvi.cz/clanky/svet-trapi-nedostatek-vody-budeme-mit-vlastni-moc/ (accessed March 12, 2022).
[7]. Nedostatek vody. Lack of water, https://www.enviwiki.cz/wiki/Nedostatek_vody (accessed January 1, 2023).
[8]. Delli Compagni, R.; Gabrielli, M.; Polesel, F.; Turolla, A.; Trapp, S.; Vezzaro, L.; Antonelli, M. Risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in the context of wastewater reuse for irrigation: An integrated modelling approach. Chemosphere 2020, 242, 125185.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125185
[9]. Czech Republic, 254/2001 Sb. Zákon o vodách a o změně některých zákonů (vodní zákon), Act on Water and Amendment of Certain Acts (Water Act). https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2001-254/zneni-20220201 (accessed January 1, 2023).
[10]. Ondrašík, F. Posouzení využitelnosti vyčištěných městských odpadních vod k požárním účelům, Assessment of the Usability of Treated Urban Waste Water for Fire Purposes, Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, http://hdl.handle.net/10084/140210, Ostrava, 2004.
[11]. Kročová, Š. Strategie dodávek pitné vody; Drinking water supply strategy, Sdružení požárního a bezpečnostního inženýrství, ISBN 978-80-7385-072-2, 2009.
[12]. Schmid, S.; Bogner, F. What Germany's university beginners think about water reuse. Water (Basel) 2018, 10, 731.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060731
[13]. Kavan, S.; Freitinger-Skalická, Z. Voluntary municipality fire brigade unit members' education and training in the Czech Republic as a form of vocational training. In ICERI2021 Proceedings; IATED, 2021; pp. 3688-3694, https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.0885.
https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.0885
[14]. Ondrašík, F. Posouzení využitelnosti vyčištěných městských odpadních vod k požárním účelům, Assessment of the usability of treated municipal wastewater for fire purposes. Bachelor thesis, Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, 2020, http://hdl.handle.net/10084/140210
[15]. Požární ochrana, Integrovaný záchranný systém, Hasičský záchranný sbor ČR Statistické ročenky Hasičského záchranného sboru ČR - Hasičský záchranný sbor České republiky, Statistical yearbooks of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, https://www.hzscr.cz/clanek/statisticke-rocenky-hasicskeho-zachranneho-sboru-cr.aspx (accessed January 1, 2023).
[16]. WateReuse Association (LACRWA) Using Recycled Water for Fire Fighting; https://www.lacsd.org/home/showpublisheddocument/6337/637683466478370000, Los Angeles, 2021.
[17]. Rizzo, L.; Gernjak, W.; Krzeminski, P.; Malato, S.; McArdell, C. S.; Perez, J. A. S.; Schaar, H.; Fatta-Kassinos, D. Best available technologies and treatment trains to address current challenges in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation of crops in EU countries. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 710, 136312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136312
[18]. Hrkal, Z. O lidech a vodě; About people and water; Praha: Česká geologická služba: ISBN 978-80-7075-864-9, Praha, Czech Republic, 2014.
[19]. Siegel, S. M. Budiž voda: izraelská inspirace pro svět ohrožený nedostatkem vody, Let there be water: Israel's inspiration for a world threatened by water scarcity; Aligier s.r.o.: Praha, ISBN 978-80906420-3-4, 2017.
[20]. Czech Republic, 274/2001 Sb. Zákon o vodovodech a kanalizacích pro veřejnou potřebu a o změně některých zákonů (zákon o vodovodech a kanalizacích), Act on Water Pipes and Sewers for Public Use and on Amendments to Certain Acts (Water Pipes and Sewers Act). https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2001-274 (accessed January 1, 2023).
[21]. The Parliament of the Czech Republic. The Integrated Rescue System Act and amendments to certain acts, 239/2000 Coll. https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/civil_protection/national_disaster_management_system/czech_republic/239_2000_irs_cz_act.pdf (accessed January 1, 2023).
[22]. Czech Republic, 133/1985 Sb. Zákon České národní rady o požární ochraně, Act of the Czech National Council on Fire Protection. https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1985-133 (accessed January 1, 2023).
[23]. Kavan, Š.; Brehovská, L. Přeshraniční spolupráce na příkladu mezinárodního cvičení mezi Českou republikou, Rakouskem a Německem. In XXI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách, Kurdějov, 13. - 15. června 2018; Masarykova univerzita: Brno, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-8970-2018-53
[24]. Ofori, S.; Puškáčová, A.; Růžičková, I.; Wanner, J. Treated wastewater reuse for irrigation: Pros and cons. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 760, 144026.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144026
[25]. Kavan, S. Evaluation of the current approach to education of security issues at selected universities preparing future pedagogues. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10684.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910684
[26]. López-Morales, C. A.; Rodríguez-Tapia, L. On the economic analysis of wastewater treatment and reuse for designing strategies for water sustainability: Lessons from the Mexico Valley Basin. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2019, 140, 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.09.001
[27]. Mukherjee, M.; Jensen, O. Making water reuse safe: A comparative analysis of the development of regulation and technology uptake in the US and Australia. Saf. Sci. 2020, 121, 5-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.08.039
[28]. Becerra-Castro, C.; Lopes, A. R.; Vaz-Moreira, I.; Silva, E. F.; Manaia, C. M.; Nunes, O. C. Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environ. Int. 2015, 75, 117-135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.001
[29]. Zarei, M. Wastewater resources management for energy recovery from circular economy perspective. Water-energy Nexus 2020, 3, 170-185.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.11.001
How to cite
The other citation formats (EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | BibTeX | RefWorks) for this article can be found online at: How to cite item
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.14.2.303-310.2423
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
Save to Zotero
Save to Mendeley
European Journal of Chemistry 2023, 14(2), 303-310 | doi: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.14.2.303-310.2423 | Get rights and content
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors
This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).
© Copyright 2010 - 2023 • Atlanta Publishing House LLC • All Right Reserved.
The opinions expressed in all articles published in European Journal of Chemistry are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Atlanta Publishing House LLC, or European Journal of Chemistry, or any of its employees.
Copyright 2010-2023 Atlanta Publishing House LLC. All rights reserved. This site is owned and operated by Atlanta Publishing House LLC whose registered office is 2850 Smith Ridge Trce Peachtree Cor GA 30071-2636, USA. Registered in USA.